The Pro-choice Argument
When discussing the issue of abortion, pro-choicers will likely talk about how women have the right to abortion because they have the right to refuse bodily care to their children. They either agree with, or at least accept for the sake of argument that both life and personhood begin at conception. They assert pregnancy “saves” the life of a prenatal human being; and since no one is required to donate blood, organs, or their bodies to other people, women should not be required to donate their bodies to their children for gestation.
Pro-choice activists may refer to a couple of popular resources when making their argument on a woman’s right to refuse use of her body to her gestating child. The first is a court case, McFall v. Shimp, wherein the court concluded that McFall should not be legally obligated to donate bone marrow to Shimp, even though Shimp would die without a bone marrow donor. The second is Judith Jarvis Thompson’s A Defense of Abortion, where the commonly referred to violinist analogy is made. Thompson argues one can unhook from a sick violinist, even if that means the violinist will die after being unhooked from them.
When talking about bodily autonomy, a pro-choicer may argue that prenatal children are akin to those who need organs or the bodies of others in order to heal from a certain biological malady which they will die from. It is true that we should not require people to donate blood, organs, or their bodies in order to meet the extraordinary biological needs of others (extraordinary meaning outside the realm of ordinary human biology).
There are, however, crucial differences between bodily donation to meet the extraordinary biological needs of another and pregnancy which must be recognized when discussing the issue of abortion. Instances of organ and bodily donation to meet the extraordinary biological needs of others cannot be used to argue for abortion for a few key reasons discussed in this article.
Pregnancy is not analogous to saving a dying human
Gestation is not an extraordinary medical intervention (as is with bodily donation in order to address someone’s biological malady), rather, it is an ordinary biological process which provides natural resources for a human being in the prenatal stages of human growth and development, such as nutrition and shelter. Preborn children are not strangers with some sort of illness or condition which renders them in need of someone else’s body, rather, they are children whose natural growth and development requires them to gestate in their mothers’ wombs.
There is nothing physiologically wrong with a prenatal human being requiring gestation because it is integral to natural human growth and development and it is within physiological human nature for prenatal human beings to receive this care. In pregnancy/gestation, a prenatal human being uses the resources allotted to him or her for development and growth in the early stages of the human life cycle. In the context of the bodily autonomy argument, pro-choicers attack preborn children for using these resources that biological human nature and physiology provides through gestation. The need that prenatal human beings have for the care rendered in gestation by their mothers’ bodies is an ordinary biological need that is intrinsic to human physiology. It is a basic need that is inherent to the human life cycle and biological human nature because humans are a viviparous species.
If someone dies due to not receiving an organ in order to heal from some sort of biological malady, it is the biological malady which kills that person. If a prenatal child does not receive gestational care, he or she dies due to actively being deprived of ordinary biological care respective to the prenatal stages of the human life cycle.
A woman’s body is the natural environment for her prenatal child and is physiologically designed to provide basic care for him or her. The prenatal human being’s use of his or her mother’s womb is in conformity with the purpose of the mother’s womb, just as a newborn kangaroo’s use of his or her mother’s pouch is in conformity with the purpose of the pouch. From the zygotic stage onward, a human being’s growth is directed from within himself/herself and he or she has the genetic information and disposition to develop and grow along the stages of human growth and development. All that he or she requires is the natural biological environment which is their mothers’ womb.
A pro-choicer may mistakenly believe that pointing this out is an appeal to nature fallacy, but the purpose of making this distinction is not to say that because gestation is natural, it is morally good; but instead, talking about the biological normalcy of gestation is done to counter a false connotation pro-choicers have about pregnancy. There is a connotation among many pro-choicers that a preborn child’s need for gestation is an extraordinary biological need when it is in fact an ordinary biological need. Just as newborns have the right to receive their mothers’ breast milk (in the instance where that is the only way to feed him or her), so too do preborn children have the right to derive natural gestational resources in pregnancy.
It is perfectly in conformity with, and required by human biology and physiology that our natural habitat in the prenatal stages of our lives are the bodies of our mothers. It is in conformity with our biological human nature to have a physiological need for our mothers’ bodies when we are preborn children. In human biology, a preborn child needing to be gestated in his or her mother’s womb certainly does not denote some sort of pathology or condition in the child.
It is not within our biological human nature for human beings to require the bodies of others in order to be saved from a physiological affliction such as an illness or medical condition. It is natural for preborn children to not be able to live without gestational care because they possess a physiological need for it that is intrinsic to ordinary human biology. Prenatal children cannot live without gestational care because they are too young, not because there is something medically wrong with them. All human beings have the ordinary biological need in the prenatal stages of their lives for the natural gestational resources provided by their mothers’ bodies in pregnancy.
Basic Needs According to Stage of Physical Maturation
A pro-choicer may object and say that gestation/pregnancy is not the normal way by which human beings attain their basic care. This objection isn’t biologically accurate because human beings at later stages of development do not require gestation to attain their basic care. The resources provided in gestation are basic necessities respective to particular stages of human growth and development, namely, the prenatal stages. Naturally, a human being’s physiology is such that basic necessities differ in the prenatal stages from that of later stages of physical maturation in the human life cycle.
In the context of the bodily autonomy argument, pro-choicers view prenatal human beings as inferior to older human beings because of their basic needs. They set standards and criteria for the right to life that exclude preborn children such as demanding that preborn children not have the right to the natural gestational resources provided by their mothers’ bodies in pregnancy.
These are unreasonable positions because we cannot logically require a certain level of physiological functioning from younger human beings that we do of older human beings. In the context of the bodily autonomy argument, prochoicers’ discrimination against preborn children is based on their ordinary biological needs. It is ageism to say that prenatal humans must function as humans at later stages of physical maturation to be considered equal. Just because their basic needs differ from that of older human beings, that does not justify denying prenatal human beings their basic care.
Okay, but what about the mother?
A pro-choicer may accept the fact that a preborn child’s need for the resources provided through gestation is indeed a basic need intrinsic to normal human physiology but reject that preborn children have the right to have their basic needs met because of what the fulfillment of them entails.
They may point out that women should have the right to abortion because pregnancy causes a woman to go through significant bodily changes and discomfort and that her health could also suffer from pregnancy. Complications from pregnancy could even result in a woman’s death in extreme circumstances. Because pregnancy sometimes entails health problems and is uncomfortable/painful at times, women should receive the support and (non-violent) medical treatment that they need. It must be noted, however, that legally the term “health” as a reason for abortion is extremely vague. It could mean many things such as physical, mental, emotional, economic, or social health; these are all listed as possible “health” reasons for an abortion in Doe v. Bolton.
These hardships are not reasons, however, that imply that there is a right to actively kill a preborn child. There is no degree of adversity that justifies depriving preborn children of their basic necessities. This is not to say that pregnant women do not deserve access to health care, because women should receive the support and (non-violent) medical treatment that they need.
However, just societies also recognize that all children deserve to be cared for whether they are loved or unloved, wanted or unwanted, planned or unplanned. A just society recognizes there are obligations and responsibilities to provide basic care to children, regardless of whether those obligations are met by their parents or others, and regardless of how arduous or difficult providing such care might be. The younger a child is, the more protection and care he or she needs, not less.
Abortion deprives a child of his or her basic necessities respective to the prenatal stages of the human life cycle. It is the intentional killing of children who simply carry out the normal physiological functions of the prenatal stages of human growth and development.
We can therefore conclude that mothers do indeed have an obligation and responsibility to care for their preborn children by providing for their basic biological needs. Through pregnancy/gestation, mothers care for their preborn children in the way that natural human biology intends for them to be cared for.
Prolife college student looking to be a voice for the unborn.
Do Pregnant Women Have the Right to Refuse Bodily Care?
Dylan Atwater
Wyoming Becomes First State to Take a Stand and Ban Abortion Pills
URGENT REGISTRY: Mom Due Soon, Has Next to Nothing for Baby
URGENT REGISTRY: Family lost everything, need helping hand
The Objective Morality of Transcendent Experience Part 2
The Objective Morality of Transcendent Experience Part 1
The Pro-choice Argument
When discussing the issue of abortion, pro-choicers will likely talk about how women have the right to abortion because they have the right to refuse bodily care to their children. They either agree with, or at least accept for the sake of argument that both life and personhood begin at conception. They assert pregnancy “saves” the life of a prenatal human being; and since no one is required to donate blood, organs, or their bodies to other people, women should not be required to donate their bodies to their children for gestation.
Pro-choice activists may refer to a couple of popular resources when making their argument on a woman’s right to refuse use of her body to her gestating child. The first is a court case, McFall v. Shimp, wherein the court concluded that McFall should not be legally obligated to donate bone marrow to Shimp, even though Shimp would die without a bone marrow donor. The second is Judith Jarvis Thompson’s A Defense of Abortion, where the commonly referred to violinist analogy is made. Thompson argues one can unhook from a sick violinist, even if that means the violinist will die after being unhooked from them.
When talking about bodily autonomy, a pro-choicer may argue that prenatal children are akin to those who need organs or the bodies of others in order to heal from a certain biological malady which they will die from. It is true that we should not require people to donate blood, organs, or their bodies in order to meet the extraordinary biological needs of others (extraordinary meaning outside the realm of ordinary human biology).
There are, however, crucial differences between bodily donation to meet the extraordinary biological needs of another and pregnancy which must be recognized when discussing the issue of abortion. Instances of organ and bodily donation to meet the extraordinary biological needs of others cannot be used to argue for abortion for a few key reasons discussed in this article.
Pregnancy is not analogous to saving a dying human
Gestation is not an extraordinary medical intervention (as is with bodily donation in order to address someone’s biological malady), rather, it is an ordinary biological process which provides natural resources for a human being in the prenatal stages of human growth and development, such as nutrition and shelter. Preborn children are not strangers with some sort of illness or condition which renders them in need of someone else’s body, rather, they are children whose natural growth and development requires them to gestate in their mothers’ wombs.
There is nothing physiologically wrong with a prenatal human being requiring gestation because it is integral to natural human growth and development and it is within physiological human nature for prenatal human beings to receive this care. In pregnancy/gestation, a prenatal human being uses the resources allotted to him or her for development and growth in the early stages of the human life cycle. In the context of the bodily autonomy argument, pro-choicers attack preborn children for using these resources that biological human nature and physiology provides through gestation. The need that prenatal human beings have for the care rendered in gestation by their mothers’ bodies is an ordinary biological need that is intrinsic to human physiology. It is a basic need that is inherent to the human life cycle and biological human nature because humans are a viviparous species.
If someone dies due to not receiving an organ in order to heal from some sort of biological malady, it is the biological malady which kills that person. If a prenatal child does not receive gestational care, he or she dies due to actively being deprived of ordinary biological care respective to the prenatal stages of the human life cycle.
A woman’s body is the natural environment for her prenatal child and is physiologically designed to provide basic care for him or her. The prenatal human being’s use of his or her mother’s womb is in conformity with the purpose of the mother’s womb, just as a newborn kangaroo’s use of his or her mother’s pouch is in conformity with the purpose of the pouch. From the zygotic stage onward, a human being’s growth is directed from within himself/herself and he or she has the genetic information and disposition to develop and grow along the stages of human growth and development. All that he or she requires is the natural biological environment which is their mothers’ womb.
A pro-choicer may mistakenly believe that pointing this out is an appeal to nature fallacy, but the purpose of making this distinction is not to say that because gestation is natural, it is morally good; but instead, talking about the biological normalcy of gestation is done to counter a false connotation pro-choicers have about pregnancy. There is a connotation among many pro-choicers that a preborn child’s need for gestation is an extraordinary biological need when it is in fact an ordinary biological need. Just as newborns have the right to receive their mothers’ breast milk (in the instance where that is the only way to feed him or her), so too do preborn children have the right to derive natural gestational resources in pregnancy.
It is perfectly in conformity with, and required by human biology and physiology that our natural habitat in the prenatal stages of our lives are the bodies of our mothers. It is in conformity with our biological human nature to have a physiological need for our mothers’ bodies when we are preborn children. In human biology, a preborn child needing to be gestated in his or her mother’s womb certainly does not denote some sort of pathology or condition in the child.
It is not within our biological human nature for human beings to require the bodies of others in order to be saved from a physiological affliction such as an illness or medical condition. It is natural for preborn children to not be able to live without gestational care because they possess a physiological need for it that is intrinsic to ordinary human biology. Prenatal children cannot live without gestational care because they are too young, not because there is something medically wrong with them. All human beings have the ordinary biological need in the prenatal stages of their lives for the natural gestational resources provided by their mothers’ bodies in pregnancy.
Basic Needs According to Stage of Physical Maturation
A pro-choicer may object and say that gestation/pregnancy is not the normal way by which human beings attain their basic care. This objection isn’t biologically accurate because human beings at later stages of development do not require gestation to attain their basic care. The resources provided in gestation are basic necessities respective to particular stages of human growth and development, namely, the prenatal stages. Naturally, a human being’s physiology is such that basic necessities differ in the prenatal stages from that of later stages of physical maturation in the human life cycle.
In the context of the bodily autonomy argument, pro-choicers view prenatal human beings as inferior to older human beings because of their basic needs. They set standards and criteria for the right to life that exclude preborn children such as demanding that preborn children not have the right to the natural gestational resources provided by their mothers’ bodies in pregnancy.
These are unreasonable positions because we cannot logically require a certain level of physiological functioning from younger human beings that we do of older human beings. In the context of the bodily autonomy argument, prochoicers’ discrimination against preborn children is based on their ordinary biological needs. It is ageism to say that prenatal humans must function as humans at later stages of physical maturation to be considered equal. Just because their basic needs differ from that of older human beings, that does not justify denying prenatal human beings their basic care.
Okay, but what about the mother?
A pro-choicer may accept the fact that a preborn child’s need for the resources provided through gestation is indeed a basic need intrinsic to normal human physiology but reject that preborn children have the right to have their basic needs met because of what the fulfillment of them entails.
They may point out that women should have the right to abortion because pregnancy causes a woman to go through significant bodily changes and discomfort and that her health could also suffer from pregnancy. Complications from pregnancy could even result in a woman’s death in extreme circumstances. Because pregnancy sometimes entails health problems and is uncomfortable/painful at times, women should receive the support and (non-violent) medical treatment that they need. It must be noted, however, that legally the term “health” as a reason for abortion is extremely vague. It could mean many things such as physical, mental, emotional, economic, or social health; these are all listed as possible “health” reasons for an abortion in Doe v. Bolton.
These hardships are not reasons, however, that imply that there is a right to actively kill a preborn child. There is no degree of adversity that justifies depriving preborn children of their basic necessities. This is not to say that pregnant women do not deserve access to health care, because women should receive the support and (non-violent) medical treatment that they need.
However, just societies also recognize that all children deserve to be cared for whether they are loved or unloved, wanted or unwanted, planned or unplanned. A just society recognizes there are obligations and responsibilities to provide basic care to children, regardless of whether those obligations are met by their parents or others, and regardless of how arduous or difficult providing such care might be. The younger a child is, the more protection and care he or she needs, not less.
Abortion deprives a child of his or her basic necessities respective to the prenatal stages of the human life cycle. It is the intentional killing of children who simply carry out the normal physiological functions of the prenatal stages of human growth and development.
We can therefore conclude that mothers do indeed have an obligation and responsibility to care for their preborn children by providing for their basic biological needs. Through pregnancy/gestation, mothers care for their preborn children in the way that natural human biology intends for them to be cared for.
Dylan Atwater
Prolife college student looking to be a voice for the unborn.
This author does not have any more posts.
The views and opinions expressed in these articles are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of Human Defense Initiative.
Dylan Atwater
COMMENTARY
NATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL
Wyoming Becomes First State to Take a Stand and Ban Abortion Pills
URGENT REGISTRY: Mom Due Soon, Has Next to Nothing for Baby
URGENT REGISTRY: Family lost everything, need helping hand
The Objective Morality of Transcendent Experience Part 2
The Objective Morality of Transcendent Experience Part 1
URGENT NEED: Keep Mom and Baby Together